BA 39

Introduktion

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BA 39 er lokaliseret i gyrus angularis i lobulus inferior af parietallappen og opfattes af nogle som en del af Wernicke's område. Gyrus angularis folder over den posterior ende af sulcus superior af temporallappen er er opadtil begrænset af sulcus intraparietale. BA 39 er involveret associering af forskellige typer af sensorisk information (taktil, termisk, visuel, auditiv, mm.) i sprogfunktion, emotioner, eksekutive funktioner og hukommelse. Skader i venstre gyrus angularis kan udløse Gerstmanns syndrom med akalkuli, agrafi og fingeragnosi.

Developmentally, the angular gyrus is one of the last to functionally and anatomically maturate. Classically, it has been assumed that the left angular gyrus participate in calculation abilities, reading/writing, naming, and some type of body-knowledge (somatognosis). The deficit associated to left angular lesion (or Gerstmann’s syndrome) includes acalculia, agraphia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia. Spatial knowledge mediated by the language has been proposed as a basic underlying deficit observed in cases of left angular gyrus damage, responsible for observed acalculia and so-called semantic aphasia. fMRI studies support the role of the angular gyrus in arithmetic abilities, but seemingly, the really most crucial area in number processing is the intraparietal sulcus. Interestingly, BA39 activation is observed in some reading-related tasks (e.g., understanding of the relationship among different characters), but no reports are readily available about its participation in writing, probably because writing may be more exactly associated with the superior parietal lobe and BA40 (apraxic agraphia in cases of parietal lobe damage). The right angular gyrus clearly participates in visuospatial processing, and damage to it results in severe hemi-spatial neglect. In addition, BA39 seems to also participate in an executive function brain circuitry, and it activates in tasks such as verbal creativity, inferential reasoning and processing sequences.

BA 39 har været relateret til følgende funktioner

Language Sentence generation (Left) (16817882) Reading (9831471, 15200701) Calculation Calculation (Left) (14585751, 17851092) Arithmetic learning (Left) (14659499) Abstract coding of numerical magnitude (Left) (17224409) Visual Spatial focusing of attention (16860474) Visuospatial processing (Right) (8547586) Other Performingverbal creative tasks (Left) (15172131) Theory of mind (8541472) Executive control of behavior (16859418) Processing a sequence of actions (Left) (10617267) Sight reading (music) (Right) (12488812) Reviewer's note

Kognition

• Vurdering af andres intentioner og mentale status
• Adskillelse mellem selv og andre (venstre)
• Moralske vurderinger

Emotioner

• Oplevelse af emotionelle tilstande
• Visuel processering af trussels og angst stimuli
• Emotionel tilknytning

Hukommelse

• Multimodal genkaldelse

Sprog

• Semantisk processering (venstre)
• Tale forståelse (venstre)
• Husker navne på objekter lært tidligt i livet (venstre)
• Ord genkaldelse for specifike enheder / klasser (venstre)
• Processering af leksikal-semantisk uklarhed (venstre)
• Forståelse af fortællinger (venstre)

Auditiv

• Selektiv opmærksomhed på tale (venstre)
• Respons på lyd tone stimulus
• Respons på ubehagelige lydstimuli
• Genkendelse af kendte stemmer (højre)

Visuel

• Vurdering af farve og struktur af kendte objekter

Andre

• Forståelse af humor
• Forståelse af ironi (højre)
• Deduktiv tænkning
• Behagelig repons til musik

--Jannick Brennum 2. jan 2016, 09:06 (UTC) Brodmann områder